Science fiction (SF) as a literary genre draws on the interaction between technology and society. This research contributes to the public relations of AI and robotic technologies by analyzing shared imaginative visions of AI in society based on SF works. The results suggest the prevalence of four distinctive categories, including human-like characters, intelligent machines, helpers such as vehicles and equipment, and infrastructure, which may be mapped to a two-dimensional space with axes representing intelligence and humanity. Nine elements representing their characteristics were analyzed using clustering and principal component analysis. First, 115 AI systems described in SF were selected based on three criteria, including diversity of intelligence, social aspects, and extension of human intelligence. In this study, we analyzed depictions of artificial intelligence in SF together with expert critics and writers. Hence, classifying depictions of artificial intelligence in science fiction may be expected to help researchers to communicate more clearly by identifying science fiction elements to which their works may be similar or dissimilar. However, these science fiction works could help researchers understand how people might react to new AI and robotic systems. Although science fiction (SF) works are often cited as references for visions of future developments, this framework of discourse may not be appropriate for serious discussions owing to technical inaccuracies resulting from its reliance on entertainment media.
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We suggest that urban designers, urban ecologists, and SF artists collaborate to imagine how to integrate nature and biodiversity into the depictions of future cities, a strategy that could help change norms about urban greenery.Driven by the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and anthropomorphic robotic systems, the various possibilities and risks of such technologies have become a topic of urgent discussion.
Moreover, SF movies do not depict innovative ways of including nature in cityscapes, they illustrate unrealistic settings without basic ecological functions (e.g., pollinators), and their characters do not interact with nature when nature is depicted or only frame the scene as a façade. If nature is depicted in SF it is very similar to contemporary cities with monoculture lawns and ornamental gardens. We reveal that these movies tend to ignore nature in their depictions of future cities. Here, we evaluate how 44 of the most viewed American SF movies depict nature in cities, including diversity of species and how characters interact with nature. For example, SF blockbusters have affected people’s engagement in climate change. Science fiction (SF) and science have a history of inspiring each other and inspiring innovative solutions. In this paper, we highlight the need to develop new designs and nature conservation approaches that promote biodiversity in cities. In addition, few studies on cities focus on nature and ecology. Perhaps this limitation is because urban planners, architects, landscape architects (urban designers) and urban ecologist (nature conservationist) view nature in cities differently. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), cities “do not know how to incorporate nature and nature contribution to people into city planning”. However, the rapid increase of urban sprawl and densification globally has reduced access, availability and quality of urban greenery.
The importance of urban greenery is highlighted in numerous global, national and local policies. Urban greenery in cities is important for human health, for resilient and sustainable cities, and for flora and fauna.
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